Degradation kinetics and solvent effects of various long?chain quaternary ammonium salts

Surfactants such as quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) have been in increasing demand, for emerging new applications. Recent attempts at process intensification of their production disclosed the need a better understanding QAS thermal stability. This work aims to determine degradation kinetics various QASs and associated solvent effects. The four methyl carbonate were determined polar solvents stainless steel batch autoclaves. H NMR spectrometry was employed offline analysis reaction mixtures. kinetic parameters then used compare stability compounds solvents. Water showed no degradation, methanol (MeOH) that provided second-best Water–MeOH mixtures may provide an overall optimum. Moreover, longer long-chain substituents increased rate. Thermogravimetric obtain solid state, is, solventless environment. Isoconversional reliable could be determined. Nevertheless, data did allow comparison 14 different QASs. Furthermore, relative instability state demonstrated challenges production.